We systematically reviewed 8 electronic databases for original, peer-reviewed literature published between January 2008 and October 2019. In an attempt to inform adequate management of OUD among incarcerated persons, we conducted a systematic review of opioid-related interventions delivered before, during, and after incarceration. However, correctional facilities frequently adopt an abstinence-only approach, seldom offering the gold standard opioid agonist treatment (OAT) to incarcerated persons with OUD. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are overrepresented in the criminal justice system and at higher risk for opioid-related mortality. Worldwide opioid-related overdose has become a major public health crisis. Initiation of XR-NTX injection prior to release from prison might be an effective approach to reduce relapse to opioids, but these findings require confirmation in a larger trial.

33%), and more days of opioid receptor blockade during the first two weeks after release, a high risk time for overdose death. 46%, fewer positive urine drug tests in the 6months after release (22% vs.

The pre-release group also had greater abstinence, with a higher proportion of self-reported opioid free days in the first month after release (83% vs. 17%) and 22% received all 6 injections (vs. 67% post-release), 78% received more than one injection (vs. The pre-release group generally had better treatment retention: 100% received the first NTX injection (vs. Of 26 volunteers consented, 15 were randomized (9 pre-release, 6 post-release). Consented volunteers were randomized to XR-NTX treatment prior to release followed by 5 monthly treatments in the community (pre-release) or six XR-NTX treatments in the community (post-release). Volunteers with a history of opioid dependence and a release date scheduled within 1-2months were self-referred in response to recruitment fliers. Recruitment for the study took place at the RIDOC's Adult Correctional Institute (ACI). It sought to determine effects on treatment retention and abstinence compared to post-release XR-NTX initiation. This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of XR-NTX injection prior to prison release among adult inmates with opioid use disorder, followed by six months of community XR-NTX treatment.

Initiation of extended release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX)) prior to prison release might decrease relapse among opioid-dependent persons. Opioid use disorder is common in prison populations, and prison release is a high-risk time for relapse and overdose.

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